Chitosan Oligosaccharide
Chitosan Oligosaccharide (COS) is the term given to chitosan which has been deacetylated to a very high degree, usually 98% or greater. It has a very low molecular weight 2-5 kDa, with 2-10 monomers of glucosamine. These smaller sized molecules contribute to the high potential charge density making it ideal as a bactericidal compound that is non-toxic. Prices range from $49-$130 USD per kilogram, depending on the source.
1. Agriculture: COS can be used as a fertilizer enhancer, soil conditioner, growth regulator, and defense activator, promoting healthy plant growth and development.
2. Pharmaceuticals: COS has been explored as a carrier for drug delivery, enhancing the absorption and bioavailability of drugs.
3. Food Industry: COS can be used as a food additive, improving the texture, stability and safety of food products.
4. Cosmetics: COS has been used in skincare/beauty products due to its antioxidant, biocompatibility, moisturizing, humectant and antibacterial properties.
5. Biomedical Applications: COS has been investigated for its potential in tissue engineering, wound healing, and gene delivery.
6. Animal Feed: COS can be used as a feed additive, promoting the growth and health of animals.
7. Environmental Applications: COS can be used to remove heavy metals and other pollutants from water and soil.
These applications are based on the unique properties of COS, including its biodegradability, non-toxicity, and ability to form complexes with other molecules.
Degree of Deacetylation - Grade
The degree of deacetylation (DDA) is a crucial factor that determines the properties of chitosan. It refers to the percentage of acetyl groups removed from the chitin structure. Chitosan with a higher degree of deacetylation is more soluble in acidic solutions and has enhanced bioactivity and higher charge density potential. A higher DDA means that the chitosan will have better performance in applications requiring solubility and bioactivity, making it suitable for a wide range of industrial, cosmetic, and agricultural applications.
Molecular Weight
Molecular weight is a significant property of chitosan that influences its viscosity, solubility, and biological activity. It is usually measured in kilodaltons (kDa) and can vary widely depending on the source and preparation method of the chitosan. Higher molecular weight chitosan tends to have higher viscosity and may form gels, while lower molecular weight chitosan is more soluble and easier to process. Understanding the molecular weight of chitosan is essential for tailoring it to specific applications, such as drug delivery, food preservation, and water treatment.
Certificate of Analysis (CoA)
The Certificate of Analysis (CoA) provides detailed information about the specific batch of chitosan, including its purity, degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, and any contaminants. This document ensures that the product meets the required specifications and standards. It is essential for verifying the quality and consistency of chitosan used in various applications. For example, here is a link to the CoA for -